Text 1
Today more than half of the human population lives in urban areas. The dramatic demographic
shift of recent decades comes with inevitable consequences – some predictable, like the need
to build new houses, and some less so, like the rise in the urban honeybee population. With
growing interest in honeybee sustainability and more cases of diseases fatally affecting
honeybee colonies in the countryside, changes to promote beekeeping in cities have recently
been made in legislation. For example, most cities in the USA at one time prohibited the
keeping of bees, but in recent years, beekeepers have succeeded in overturning these bans.
In some states, beekeepers even get grants for the purpose of increasing the city bee
population. In the UK, beekeeping in cities is strictly regulated but at the same time strongly
encouraged. Dramatic colony losses a decade ago prompted a national campaign urging
people to keep bees and some cities started to run free courses teaching people about keeping
bees on rooftops and balconies. As a result, the soothing sound of bees buzzing around green
roof gardens has lately become much more common. Thus, in some small way, bees are
contributing to the creation of environmentally friendly buildings.
Interestingly, some buildings can also benefit more directly from bees. It turns out that bees
can act as security guards. Some time ago, journalists were talking about the recurring theft of
lead from the roofs of some buildings and a unique counter-measure taken by their owners.
Their roofs are now home to bees, which are a powerful deterrent to anyone intent on removing
the lead. The very thought of being stung has the power to put thieves off. Regrettably,
however, this doesn’t restrain the theft of rooftop beehives. Due to colony disease, honeybees
have become so valuable that hive theft is on the rise. There are also cases of pest controllers
who kill urban honeybees in abandoned houses after mistaking them for wasps.
In an original response to the idea of keeping bees in cities, a group of architecture students
at the University of Buffalo designed an extraordinary construction for urban bees. It’s a steel
tower, 22ft tall, called Elevator B, which can be placed on the roofs of buildings. On the outside,
the tower is covered with hexagonal panels inspired by the natural honeycomb structure of
beehives. Bees don’t occupy the full height of Elevator B, just a glass-bottomed box suspended
near the top, a suitable new home for a thriving bee colony. People can enter the tower through
an opening at its base and look up to see the industrious insects at work. And when
beekeepers want to collect honey, they lower the glass bottomed box. It works like an elevator.
This feature is also of value to school groups that visit the site of the prototype, as the children
can get a close-up view.
I feel that when this modern type of beehive is successfully introduced to skyscrapers, they will
then become high-rise luxury towers for bees, not only for people. It should be mentioned that
the bees in Elevator B were forcibly relocated from their colony in a boarded-up window of an
abandoned building and may well have been happier there. But such is progress.
adapted from https://www.smithsonianmag.com
Text 2
Interviewer: At first blush, it sounds like the talk of a conspiracy theorist: a company
implanting microchips under their employees’ skin. But for some companies
it’s neither a theory nor a conspiracy. Today my guest is Sam Bengtson, a
software engineer in a technology company called Three Square Market.
Welcome.
Sam Bengtson: Good evening.
Interviewer: What do you think about the idea of employees having chips implanted?
Sam Bengtson: Once you have a chip the size of a grain of rice injected between your thumb
and index finger, any task involving Radio Frequency Identification
technology, like swiping into the office building, paying for food in the
cafeteria or logging onto your computer, can be accomplished with a wave
of your hand. And it won’t need frequent updating or replacing like the
devices we have now. When I was asked whether we should consider
implementing the technology, I wanted to jump on the bandwagon as quickly
as possible and not pussyfoot around for years, as other companies are likely
to do. I arranged a meeting with my co-workers to see if this was something
we wanted. I was astonished to find that an overwhelming majority were
willing to give their consent to being microchipped. I was prepared for some
criticism, particularly from the older staff members, who tend to be more
distrustful of technological innovations, but in fact just a few of my colleagues
opposed the idea. And even those who did were thrilled about the technology
itself, but wary of having the device implanted in their body. They agreed to
wear a ring with a chip instead.
Interviewer:
Don’t you have any doubts about the idea of microchipping people? Surely
it raises a variety of questions…
Sam Bengtson: Certainly, it does, like anything which is new.
Producers assure us that the chips are secure and encrypted, but still many
people voice their concerns about it. They claim that “encrypted” is a pretty
vague term, which could include anything from an actually secure product to
something that is easily hackable. I personally think that this threat is blown
out of proportion and transparent and robust regulation should be enough to
allay these concerns. Another fear is that technology designed for one
purpose, like getting access to a building, could later be used in more
invasive ways, for instance, to track the length of an employee’s bathroom or
lunch break without their consent or even without their knowledge. Well, I
can’t vouch for all other devices, but a Radio Frequency Identification chip
reader has very limited capabilities. It can’t be harnessed to work as a GPS
tracking device. In fact, a standard cell phone reports 100 times more data
than the chip is able to provide.
As for concerns about health, at this stage they are difficult to assess. Since
2004, when the Food and Drug Administration approved microchips for
medical use, there have been some rare cases of the implantation site
becoming infected. However, since the device is removable, I would not
worry too much about it. In any event, I’m certain that within the next 10 years
such devices are going to be introduced in many places, and companies like
ours really must be at the forefront. After all, we’re a technology company.
adapted from https://www.nytimes.com